Environmental Life Cycle Costing: A Code of Practice not only provides an introduction to LCC but also illustrates its applications. In combination with environmental life cycle assessment and with current research in social LCA, LCC moves us closer to more robust sustainability assessment. This book provides an LCC framework to assess the economic impacts of a decision with consistent, though flexible, system boundaries by presenting a comprehensive model of all costs incurred by producers, ownership costs of consumers, and the real costs imposed on other affected stakeholders, aligned with the requirements of an ISO 14040–compliant LCA. Collectively, LCC and LCA can provide insights to help society appropriately allocate limited financial resources to optimize environmental improvements. This book provides explanations, examples, and case studies that offer significant steps toward achieving that goal.
ISBN 978-1-880611-87-6, 98 pp
Member Price $5, Non-Member Price $12
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In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel and with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology and classic human toxicology, Mixture Toxicity: Linking Approaches from Ecological and Human Toxicology incorporates extensive reviews of exposure to toxicants, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, toxicity of mixtures, and risk assessment. Taking an unusual approach from exposure to risk assessment that explores the perspectives of ecotoxicologists, human health specialists, and risk assessors, this book:
• Compares and contrasts the current state of the art in each field and identifies where one can learn from the other
• Includes a broad and detailed review of problems related to realistic exposure to pollutants, with special emphasis on exposure to mixtures of toxicants and their combined effects on organisms
• Presents state-of-the-art information based on in-depth discussions among specialists representing different disciplines and approaches
Focusing on the work published in the last fifteen years, the coverage progresses from exposure to risk assessment, at each step identifying the special complications typically raised by mixtures. It identifies possible crosslinks and includes recommendations for mutual developments that can improve the state of knowledge on mixture toxicity and ultimately lead to better and more integrated risk assessment.
ISBN 978-1-4398-3008-6, 320 pp
Member Price $100, Non-Member Price $120
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A comprehensive and practical overview of the state of the science, Soil Quality Standards for Trace Elements: Derivation, Implementation, and Interpretation addresses the derivation of soil quality standards for trace elements and the implementation of these standards within regulatory and risk assessment frameworks. Forty experts from 11 countries
across Europe, Asia, and North America—a multidisciplinary group of government policy makers and regulators, academics, industry representatives, and consultants—provide a focused discussion on the science and methods underpinning the derivation of soil quality standards for trace elements.
• Outlines the supporting science for setting environmental and human health standards
• Covers the application and practical use of soil quality standards for trace elements
• Contains recommendations on the development and use of soil quality standards for trace elements
• Identifies best practices in accounting for (bio)availability and exposure modelling in standard setting for soils
The book provides a clear description of how to derive and implement soil quality standards for trace elements in order to assess human and environmental risks. It covers scientific developments useful for resolving discrepancies in the setting and implementation of soil quality standards. It provides useful tips, including do's and don'ts on how to deal with issues such as variation of the natural background and soil type -dependent toxicity.
ISBN 978-1-4398-3023-9 , 184 pp
Member Price $72, Non-Member Price $120
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Based on discussions at the 2007 SETAC Europe PERAS Workshop in Coimbra, Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil presents a timely summary of state-of-the-art higher-tier terrestrial risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs). Influential regulators, academics, and industry scientists provide a comprehensive, science-based view to guide regulatory authorities and manufacturers in assessing the higher-tier terrestrial risks of PPPs in the environment.
The book includes a clear description of how to perform a higher-tier terrestrial risk assessment and provides a single reference on the subject. It examines various types of semi-field methods for soil assessment, including the use of terrestrial model ecosystems for pesticide risk assessment. In addition, the text also explores legislative and regulatory issues and offers technical recommendations. The book provides guidance on how to assess the soil risks of pesticides in the environment and explains how to use semi-field methods to evaluate how pesticides may lead to spatial and temporal changes in soil biological communities and the larger agricultural landscape.
ISBN 978-1-4398-2858-8, 106 pp
Member Price $85, Non-Member Price $120
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Building on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, the current status of these animals, and intrinsic factors that affect their susceptibility to contaminants. The book also provides the latest information on specific groups of contaminants and their effects and body burdens in herpetafauna. After a review of how contaminants interact with other ecological factors, the text explores concerns for the future.
New in the second edition:
• New research on the effects of pesticides, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and UVB
• Increased focus on the effects of contaminants rather than merely reporting residue information
• A synthesis of information on atrazine and its effects on gonads at low concentrations
• Coverage of the potentially alarming new cadre of chemicals that have recently or are about to come on the market for which there is very little or no information
• Important advances in surveying and monitoring
One of the major factors behind the writing of the first edition was the worldwide phenomenon of declining amphibian populations. Although this decline has not abated, the breadth of research into its causes has expanded significantly. With chapter contributors carefully selected by the team of editors as leaders in their fields, this book provides an authoritative compendium of the most recent information on effects and residues coupled with a syntheses of what these numbers mean to science and policy.
ISBN 978-1-4200-6416-2, 944 pp
Member Price $128, Non-Member Price $160
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Based on the work and contributions of 46 scientists, managers, and policymakers, Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment documents the state of the science and explores how to use this information when assessing and managing the environmental effects of Se. A focused discussion on the fate and effects of Se in aquatic ecosystems, the book reviews:
• Past and current problems related to Se in aquatic environments, together with lessons learned, and provides a generalized conceptual model
• Environmental partitioning, in particular Se speciation leading to its entry into the food chain, and provides conceptual models specific to environmental partitioning
• Se bioaccumulation and trophic transfer from the physical environment (i.e., water-column particulates), and from primary producers to herbivores to carnivores, including the influence of modifying ecological factors
• Toxic effects from Se, in particular body burdens and their relationship to toxicity
Filled with practical guidance and concise information on how to conduct selenium risk assessments in the aquatic environment, the book contains the latest information on assessment techniques, elucidates the current state of contamination in industrialized countries, and raises awareness for developing nations. Written by leading experts, it describes best practices for designing experiments to collect information on aquatic effects and trophic transfer of selenium for risk assessments, presents numerous case studies both domestic and international, and gives insight as to how current and future ecosystems may or may not be affected.
ISBN 978-1-4398267-7-5, 368 pp
Member Price $78, Non-Member Price $130
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While current methods used in ecological risk assessments for pesticides are largely deterministic, probabilistic methods that aim to quantify variability and uncertainty in exposure and effects are attracting growing interest from industries and governments. Probabilistic methods offer more realistic and meaningful estimates of risk and hence, potentially, a better basis for decision-making. Application of Uncertainty Analysis to Ecological Risks of Pesticides examines the applicability of probabilistic methods for ecological risk assessment for pesticides and explores their appropriateness for general use.
There are many methods of analyzing variability and uncertainty and many ways of presenting the results. Inappropriate use of these methods leads to misleading results, and experts differ on what is appropriate. Disagreement about which methods are appropriate will result in wasted resources, conflict over findings, and reduced credibility with decision makers and the public. There is, therefore, a need to reach a consensus on how to choose and use appropriate methods, and to present this in the form of guidance for prospective users. Written in a clear and concise style, the book examines how to use probabilistic methods within a risk-based decision paradigm.
ISBN 978-1-4398-0734-7, 228 pp
Member Price $96, Non-Member Price $120
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This software-user manual combination contains a collection of 5 tools to help formulate hazard and risk assessments, accommodating both small and large data sets. The software programs are estimating acute toxicity (EAT) for determining EC50, LC50, ED50, and LD50; adjusting toxicity values for hardness of pH of water and transforming total ammonia to unionized ammonia, the toxic form (TA); estimating acute and chronic toxicity when only one or a few data are available (ICE and ACE); and developing species sensitivity or exposure distributions (HA).
Although other methods may accomplish the same or similar estimations or extrapolations, these are our preferred choices, based on the authors' many years of experience in environmental toxicology and statistics.
ISBN 978-1-880611-97-5, 84 pp
Member Price $50, Non-Member Price $75
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This compilation of papers on environmental chemistry, fate, effects, modeling, and regulatory findings should prove a valuable resource for those interested in risk assessments of copper in the environment and their regulatory implications.
Made possible by a contribution from the Copper Development Association.
ISBN 978-1-880611-96-8, DVD-ROM
Member Price $20, Non-Member Price $85
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