| Preface |
vi |
| Forward |
viii |
| Acronyms |
xxiv |
| Conference participants |
xxvii |
| Index |
403 |
| |
| Section 1: Laboratory
testing experiences, improvements, and advances |
1 |
| |
| Chapter 1: Endpoints
in laboratory testing with earthworms: experience
with regard to regulatory decisions for plant
protection products |
3 |
| |
| Chapter 2: Evaluation
of factors influencing results from laboratory
toxicity tests with earthworms |
15 |
| |
| Chapter 3: Improving
the accuracy and precision of earthworm laboratory
experiments through the use of pretreatment
measurements |
27 |
| |
| Chapter 4: Effects of
pesticide application methods on reproduction
of Eisenia fetida in laboratory tests |
35 |
| |
| Chapter 5: Application
of body residues as a tool in the assessment
of soil toxicity |
41 |
| |
| Chapter 6: Toxicity
endpoints and accumulation of Cd and Pb in
Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) |
55 |
| |
| Chapter 7: Use of an
avoidance-response test to assess the toxicity
of contaminated soils to earthworms |
67 |
| |
| Chapter 8: Enchytraeid
reproduction test |
83 |
| |
| Section 2: Processes
important to earthworm ecotoxicology |
99 |
| |
| Chapter 9: Combined
effects of Cu, desiccation, and frost on the
viability of earthworm cocoons |
101 |
| |
| Chapter 10: Soil acidity
as major determinant of zinc partitioning
and zinc uptake in 2 Oligochaete worms exposed
in contaminated field soils |
111 |
| |
| Chapter 11: Effects
of additions of organic matter and different
ions on partitioning of 134Cs in a sandy soil
and uptake by earthworms |
129 |
| |
| Chapter 12: Depuration
and uptake kinetics of I, Cs, Mn, Zn, and
Cd by the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)
in radiotracer-spiked litter |
151 |
| |
| Chapter 13: Toxicity
of transuranic elements and earthworm radiosensitivity |
165 |
| |
| Section 3: Earthworm
biomarkers:advances relevant to earthworm
ecotoxicology |
171 |
| |
| Chapter 14: Review of
selected biomarkers in earthworms |
173 |
| |
| Chapter 15: Cytochrome
P450 activity in 3 earthworm species |
191 |
| |
| Chapter 16: Immunohistochemical
detection of heat shock proteins expression
in stressed earthworms |
199 |
| |
| Chapter 17: Identification
of new heavy-metal-responsive biomarkers in
the earthworm |
215 |
| |
| Chapter 18: Lysosomal
membrane permeability and earthworm immune-system
activity field-testing on contaminated land
|
225 |
| |
| Section 4: Experience
with field earthworm ecotoxicology |
233 |
| |
| Chapter 19: Comparison
of the sensitivities of an earthworm (Eisenia
fetida) reproduction test and a standardized
field test on grassland |
235 |
| |
| Chapter 20: Comparison
of laboratory toxicity tests for pesticides
with field effects on earthworm populations:
a review |
247 |
| |
| Chapter 21: Development
and evaluation of triggers for earthworm toxicity
testing with plant protection products |
269 |
| |
| Section 5: Modeling
earthworm populations: an approach to field
ecotoxicology |
279 |
| |
| Chapter 22: Simulation
of pesticide effects on populations of 3 species
of earthworms |
281 |
| |
| Chapter 23: Impact of
toxicants on earthworm populations: a modeling
approach |
295 |
| |
| Section 6: Progress
toward understanding field earthworm ecotoxicology |
311 |
| |
| Chapter 24: Principles
for the design of flexible earthworm field-
toxicity experiments and interpretation of
results |
313 |
| |
| Chapter 25: Earthworm
surface migration in the field: influence
of pesticides using benomyl as test chemical |
327 |
| |
| Chapter 26: Variation
in earthworm populations and methods for assessing
responses to perturbations |
341 |
| |
| Chapter 27: Estimation
of effects of benomyl application on the reproductive
rate of earthworms in a grass field |
353 |
| |
| Chapter 28: Comparison
of acute predicted environmental concentrations
of pesticides in soil and earthworms with
concentrations determined by residue analysis |
365 |
| |
| Chapter 29: Ecological
relevance of ecotoxicological risk assessment
|
373 |
| |
| Chapter 30: Use of a
model ecosystem for ecotoxicological studies
with earthworms |
381 |
| |
| Section 7: Recommendations |
387 |
| |
| Chapter 31: Recommendations
from the Second International Workshop on
Earthworm Ecotoxicology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
(April 1997) |
389 |
| |
| Section 8: Acknowledgments |
399 |
| Acknowledgments |
401 |
